Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
"Bill on Apartheid Widens Control" Historical Newspapers. The New York Times, 19 Feb. 1964. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This source was written to inform Americans of what was transpiring in South Africa during apartheid, and gives information about one particularly severe South African proposal to extend the government’s control to the movements, homes, and jobs of black Africans.This is a primary source because it was written at the time of when the piece of legislation was introduced. We can use this source to provide specific evidence of how horribly black citizens were treated versus how white citizens were treated.
"Racial Law Fight Spreads In Africa." Historical Newspapers. The New York Times, 13 July 1952. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article was written for the American people about the non-white citizens defying the racial segregation that was forced upon them. This source is a primary source because it was written at the time of apartheid and has first hand accounts of what was happening during that time. It tells about the responsibility the non-white citizens felt to stick up for themselves and prove that they were worthy human beings too, and we can use this source to support the theme of rights and responsibilities because it shows the responsibilities of non-white citizens to defend themselves.
Hofmann, Paul. "Historical Newspapers." New Voices Heard in South Africa In Behalf of the 15 Million Blacks. New York Times, 13 July 1971. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This article tells how black students in South Africa were starting to try to change their country, to end apartheid, and how they plan to contact blacks in America to help them improve South Africa. This article is useful so as to include information on black Afrikaners’ perspective of apartheid and their efforts to stop it. This source is primary because it is at the time of the event and the author is quoting citizens of South Africa.
Ingalls, Leonard. "Strijdom Avows White Supremacy." Historical Newspapers. New York Times, 23 Apr. 1923. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source gives information on what whites and the government thought of apartheid, as well as Johannes G. Strijdom’s (prime minister) opinion and plan on how to keep blacks from taking over the country that whites were dominating.This article is useful because it shows an example of how whites and the prime minister specifically wanted to enforce apartheid. This is a primary source because it has quotations from a citizen of South Africa during apartheid.
Nakasa, Nathaniel. "The Human Meaning of Apartheid." New York Times (1923- Current File) 24 Sept. 1961: n. pag. Historical Newspapers. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
This source was written for the New York Times, for information on apartheid in South Africa, defining it and explaining the discrimination and segregation Africans faced during that time. This article was very important to my project because it is a good reference to the segregation against Afrikaners as well as an interpretation of apartheid in South Africa. This is a primary source because the author included quotations from citizens of South Africa during apartheid.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg
This source was useful because it shows an example of segregation during apartheid in South Africa.
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/pictures/crowd.jpg
This source was useful to us because it shows protesting against apartheid in South Africa.
http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1186318/thumbs/o-APARTHEID-HISTORY-TIMELINE-NELSON-MANDELA-facebook.jpg
This source was useful to our project because it shows an example from apartheid of segregation.
http://johnnyafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/apartheid6.jpg
This source was useful to our project because it was in a slideshow and it showed an example of segregation.
http://suedafrika.net/Medaia/Toilets.jpg
This source was useful in our project because it was placed in a slideshow and is an example of apartheid in South Africa.
http://chosenrebel.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/apartheid-image.jpg
This photo was useful because it provided us with a picture of an example of segregation.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qe1wgxDiEdU/TGtjABAxrTI/AAAAAAAABpE/ok0Xi8dg7Qs/s1600/apartheid.jpg
This is a picture of a young girl being discriminated against, which supports our topic about how the black citizens were treated much worse than white citizens.
http://www.southafrica.to/history/Apartheid/apartheid.jpg
This is a picture of a sign that supports the ANC (African National Congress). This is a primary source because the quality of the picture shows the picture was taken during the time period of apartheid.
http://consortiumnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/nelsonmandela.jpg
This is a picture of Nelson Mandela and is a primary source because it is a solo picture of the guy who gave it his all to save South Africa and succeeded.
Secondary Sources
Suzman, Helen. "Apartheid Legislation." Cortland.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source includes all of the legislation that was put into place during apartheid to limit the rights of the black South African citizens. This source is a secondary source because it was written after all of the legislation had been put into place. This source is useful because it will provide us with specific examples of the difference of rights between the white citizens and the black citizens.
Hovey, Gail. "Human Rights Violations In Apartheid - South Africa." MSU.edu. The African Fund, Sept. 1983. Web. 9 Mar. 2014.
This article explicitly explains the violation of black Afrikaners’ rights, and generally all kinds of segregation and punishment they received, also clarifying that their discrimination was normal and was performed on a daily basis. This source is useful to include information on a variety of instances where black Afrikaners were treated badly, and shows a great barrier between blacks and whites in South Africa during apartheid. This source is secondary because the information was gathered from other sources.
Noguchi, Mai. "Apartheid." Postcolonial Studies Emory. Postcolonial Studies @ Emory, 2000. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This source provides concise descriptions of South African government in the 1900’s, covering most aspects of apartheid as well as the end of it in 1990. We will use it to find examples of the limited rights given to blacks versus whites during apartheid. This source is secondary because it includes information from other sources.
O'Malley, Jamie, Dave Moore, and Hannah Laughlin. "South African National Water Policy: South Africa's Apartheid Water Policies." UMich.edu. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
This source is used by the University of Michigan for reference on the limited rights of black Afrikaners to own land and access to the water supply during apartheid. This article was important to my website because it provides details of an example of black Afrikaners under the law during apartheid. This source is secondary because it is constructed from other sources.
Knowles, Christine, Leslie Rosenberg, Maja Sherman, and Jihan Williams. "South Africa: Social Welfare and Human Rights." UMich.edu. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This website's objective is to analyze the constitutional design of South Africa by focusing on South Africa's rich history, specifically apartheid. This source is a secondary source because it was written is describing events that happened many years before it was written. This was useful in our project because it provides us with direct quotes about apartheid and pictures of some of the segregation measures that were put into place.
"The End of Apartheid." The End of Apartheid. U.S. Department of State, 20 Jan. 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.
This source was written for Americans to learn about the end of apartheid in South Africa and not only talks about the height of apartheid, but also the end of apartheid. This is a secondary source because it was written in 2009, which was many years after apartheid, and it does not have any first hand accounts of apartheid. This source is useful because it talks about apartheid as a whole and how it started and how it ended.
Chokshi, Monal, Cale Carter, Deepak Gupta, Tove Martin, and Robert Allen. "The History of Apartheid in South Africa." Stanford.edu. Stanford University, 1995. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source was written to provide a reference tool on Apartheid for the students and faculty of Stanford. This is a secondary source because it doesn’t have any accounts or pictures from when apartheid was happening in South Africa and was not written during apartheid. This article was very important to my website because it helped provide background information on our topic.
http://supernatural.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/04/26/signs.jpg
This picture is an example of segregation used during apartheid, and is secondary because the quality of the picture shows that the picture was taken after the time period of apartheid.
http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/00/79/83/41_big.jpg
This is a picture of Cape Town, South Africa. This is a secondary source because the quality shows it was not taken during apartheid.
Primary Sources
"Bill on Apartheid Widens Control" Historical Newspapers. The New York Times, 19 Feb. 1964. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This source was written to inform Americans of what was transpiring in South Africa during apartheid, and gives information about one particularly severe South African proposal to extend the government’s control to the movements, homes, and jobs of black Africans.This is a primary source because it was written at the time of when the piece of legislation was introduced. We can use this source to provide specific evidence of how horribly black citizens were treated versus how white citizens were treated.
"Racial Law Fight Spreads In Africa." Historical Newspapers. The New York Times, 13 July 1952. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This newspaper article was written for the American people about the non-white citizens defying the racial segregation that was forced upon them. This source is a primary source because it was written at the time of apartheid and has first hand accounts of what was happening during that time. It tells about the responsibility the non-white citizens felt to stick up for themselves and prove that they were worthy human beings too, and we can use this source to support the theme of rights and responsibilities because it shows the responsibilities of non-white citizens to defend themselves.
Hofmann, Paul. "Historical Newspapers." New Voices Heard in South Africa In Behalf of the 15 Million Blacks. New York Times, 13 July 1971. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This article tells how black students in South Africa were starting to try to change their country, to end apartheid, and how they plan to contact blacks in America to help them improve South Africa. This article is useful so as to include information on black Afrikaners’ perspective of apartheid and their efforts to stop it. This source is primary because it is at the time of the event and the author is quoting citizens of South Africa.
Ingalls, Leonard. "Strijdom Avows White Supremacy." Historical Newspapers. New York Times, 23 Apr. 1923. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source gives information on what whites and the government thought of apartheid, as well as Johannes G. Strijdom’s (prime minister) opinion and plan on how to keep blacks from taking over the country that whites were dominating.This article is useful because it shows an example of how whites and the prime minister specifically wanted to enforce apartheid. This is a primary source because it has quotations from a citizen of South Africa during apartheid.
Nakasa, Nathaniel. "The Human Meaning of Apartheid." New York Times (1923- Current File) 24 Sept. 1961: n. pag. Historical Newspapers. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
This source was written for the New York Times, for information on apartheid in South Africa, defining it and explaining the discrimination and segregation Africans faced during that time. This article was very important to my project because it is a good reference to the segregation against Afrikaners as well as an interpretation of apartheid in South Africa. This is a primary source because the author included quotations from citizens of South Africa during apartheid.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg
This source was useful because it shows an example of segregation during apartheid in South Africa.
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~cale/cs201/pictures/crowd.jpg
This source was useful to us because it shows protesting against apartheid in South Africa.
http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1186318/thumbs/o-APARTHEID-HISTORY-TIMELINE-NELSON-MANDELA-facebook.jpg
This source was useful to our project because it shows an example from apartheid of segregation.
http://johnnyafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/apartheid6.jpg
This source was useful to our project because it was in a slideshow and it showed an example of segregation.
http://suedafrika.net/Medaia/Toilets.jpg
This source was useful in our project because it was placed in a slideshow and is an example of apartheid in South Africa.
http://chosenrebel.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/apartheid-image.jpg
This photo was useful because it provided us with a picture of an example of segregation.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qe1wgxDiEdU/TGtjABAxrTI/AAAAAAAABpE/ok0Xi8dg7Qs/s1600/apartheid.jpg
This is a picture of a young girl being discriminated against, which supports our topic about how the black citizens were treated much worse than white citizens.
http://www.southafrica.to/history/Apartheid/apartheid.jpg
This is a picture of a sign that supports the ANC (African National Congress). This is a primary source because the quality of the picture shows the picture was taken during the time period of apartheid.
http://consortiumnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/nelsonmandela.jpg
This is a picture of Nelson Mandela and is a primary source because it is a solo picture of the guy who gave it his all to save South Africa and succeeded.
Secondary Sources
Suzman, Helen. "Apartheid Legislation." Cortland.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source includes all of the legislation that was put into place during apartheid to limit the rights of the black South African citizens. This source is a secondary source because it was written after all of the legislation had been put into place. This source is useful because it will provide us with specific examples of the difference of rights between the white citizens and the black citizens.
Hovey, Gail. "Human Rights Violations In Apartheid - South Africa." MSU.edu. The African Fund, Sept. 1983. Web. 9 Mar. 2014.
This article explicitly explains the violation of black Afrikaners’ rights, and generally all kinds of segregation and punishment they received, also clarifying that their discrimination was normal and was performed on a daily basis. This source is useful to include information on a variety of instances where black Afrikaners were treated badly, and shows a great barrier between blacks and whites in South Africa during apartheid. This source is secondary because the information was gathered from other sources.
Noguchi, Mai. "Apartheid." Postcolonial Studies Emory. Postcolonial Studies @ Emory, 2000. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.
This source provides concise descriptions of South African government in the 1900’s, covering most aspects of apartheid as well as the end of it in 1990. We will use it to find examples of the limited rights given to blacks versus whites during apartheid. This source is secondary because it includes information from other sources.
O'Malley, Jamie, Dave Moore, and Hannah Laughlin. "South African National Water Policy: South Africa's Apartheid Water Policies." UMich.edu. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2014.
This source is used by the University of Michigan for reference on the limited rights of black Afrikaners to own land and access to the water supply during apartheid. This article was important to my website because it provides details of an example of black Afrikaners under the law during apartheid. This source is secondary because it is constructed from other sources.
Knowles, Christine, Leslie Rosenberg, Maja Sherman, and Jihan Williams. "South Africa: Social Welfare and Human Rights." UMich.edu. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This website's objective is to analyze the constitutional design of South Africa by focusing on South Africa's rich history, specifically apartheid. This source is a secondary source because it was written is describing events that happened many years before it was written. This was useful in our project because it provides us with direct quotes about apartheid and pictures of some of the segregation measures that were put into place.
"The End of Apartheid." The End of Apartheid. U.S. Department of State, 20 Jan. 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.
This source was written for Americans to learn about the end of apartheid in South Africa and not only talks about the height of apartheid, but also the end of apartheid. This is a secondary source because it was written in 2009, which was many years after apartheid, and it does not have any first hand accounts of apartheid. This source is useful because it talks about apartheid as a whole and how it started and how it ended.
Chokshi, Monal, Cale Carter, Deepak Gupta, Tove Martin, and Robert Allen. "The History of Apartheid in South Africa." Stanford.edu. Stanford University, 1995. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
This source was written to provide a reference tool on Apartheid for the students and faculty of Stanford. This is a secondary source because it doesn’t have any accounts or pictures from when apartheid was happening in South Africa and was not written during apartheid. This article was very important to my website because it helped provide background information on our topic.
http://supernatural.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/04/26/signs.jpg
This picture is an example of segregation used during apartheid, and is secondary because the quality of the picture shows that the picture was taken after the time period of apartheid.
http://photos.wikimapia.org/p/00/00/79/83/41_big.jpg
This is a picture of Cape Town, South Africa. This is a secondary source because the quality shows it was not taken during apartheid.